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OBJECTIVE To compar e the volatile components of Cuscuta chinensis and its processed products ，and to conduct principal component analysis （PCA）. METHODS The volatile components of C. chinensis ，C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater ， C. chinensis stir-frying with wine were identified by headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. The relative percentage of each component was calculated by area normalization method. The PCA was conducted by using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS A total of 117 compounds were identified from C. chinensis ，C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater and C. chinensis stir-frying with wine ，of which 68 compounds were identified from C. chinensis （relative percentage of 92.41％），such as phytone ，2-methoxy-3-（2-propenl）phenol，n-pentadecane，β-caryophyllene. Sixty compounds （relative percentage of 89.41％） were identified from C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater ，such as maltol ，2，3-dihydro- benzofuran，4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol. Fifty-eight compounds （relative percentage of 87.02％）were identified from C. chinensis stir-frying with wine ，such as phenylethanol ，β-caryophyllene，macrocarehe D. There were 24 common components in the three ， and relative percentage of them were 38.56％，30.61％，33.07％，respectively. After processing ，there were 49 new components ， such as furfural ，n-hexanoic acid ，caryophyllene oxide. The results of PCA showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the former two principal components was 100％ ；comprehensive score of volatile components of C. chinensis was the highest ， followed by C. chinensis stir-frying with wine and C. chinensis stir-frying with saltwater. CONCLUSIONS The quality of volatile components in C. chinensis is good ；the volatile components in processed products are more than those in C. chinensis .
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Objective: To establish an HPLC fingerprint of Caryophylli flos. to provide reference for the overall quality evaluation of the herb. Methods: The fingerprint of Caryophylli flos. was established by HPLC, and eugenol was used as the reference peak for the exploration of HPLC conditions. The fingerprint of Caryophylli flos. was established with acetonitrile-0. 2% phosphoric acid as the mobile phase with gradient elution. Results: A total of 17 characteristic common peaks were obtained by HPLC analysis, and among them, five common constituents including eugenol, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were calibrated. The similari-ties of chromatographic fingerprint of Caryophylli flos. from 10 different origins were above 0. 900, which was in line with the basic re-quirement of fingerprint similarity evaluation. Conclusion: The study provides experimental basis for improving the quality evaluation system of Caryophylli flos. , and provides reference for a comprehensive quality assessment of Caryophylli flos. .
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Objective: To analyze and compare the difference in volatile components in Achyranthesbidentatae Radix, salt-pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Methods:Headspace sol-id-phase microextraction ( HS-SPME) was used to extract the volatile components from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the two pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae radix. The chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) , and their relative mass fraction of each component was determined by an area normalization method. Results:A total of 38 chemical components were identified, and 23, 16 and 15 components were respectively identified from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, the salt-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix accounted for 79. 14%, 49. 80% and 44. 57% of the total content of volatile components, respectively. There were 4 types of common volatile chemical constituents in the three products. Compared with Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, 10 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the salt-processed product, and 9 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the wine-processed product. Conclusion:Different processing methods have some influence on the type and the content of the volatile components in Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Using HS-SPME-GC-MS combination technique can quickly and effectively obtain the volatile components information for Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, which can provide scientific reference for the quality evaluation and application of the processed products of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix.
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Objective: To analyze and compare the difference in volatile components in Achyranthesbidentatae Radix, salt-pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Methods:Headspace sol-id-phase microextraction ( HS-SPME) was used to extract the volatile components from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the two pro-cessed product of Achyranthes bidentatae radix. The chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) , and their relative mass fraction of each component was determined by an area normalization method. Results:A total of 38 chemical components were identified, and 23, 16 and 15 components were respectively identified from Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, the salt-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix and the wine-processed product of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix accounted for 79. 14%, 49. 80% and 44. 57% of the total content of volatile components, respectively. There were 4 types of common volatile chemical constituents in the three products. Compared with Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, 10 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the salt-processed product, and 9 types of new compounds were produced and 17 types of old compounds disappeared in the wine-processed product. Conclusion:Different processing methods have some influence on the type and the content of the volatile components in Achyranthes bidentatae Radix. Using HS-SPME-GC-MS combination technique can quickly and effectively obtain the volatile components information for Achyranthes bidentatae Radix, which can provide scientific reference for the quality evaluation and application of the processed products of Achyranthes bidentatae Radix.
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Objective To study the correlation of renal function and plasma ammonia in patients with liver cirrhosis combined with hepatorenal syndrome .Methods The clinical data of 149 patients with liver cirrhosis who came to this hospital from February 2008 to April 2013 was collected .All the patients were divided into the HRS group (hepatorenal syndrome ,35 cases) and non-HRS group (non-hepatorenal syndrome ,114 cases) .The clinical datas and related biochemical indicators of two groups were analyzed and compared .Results The serum level of TB ,DB ,AST ,ALT ,BU ,CREA and NH3+ of the HRS group was statistically higher than that of the non-HRS group ,while the serum level of TP ,Alb ,NA and CL of the HRS group was statistically lower than that of the non-HRS group;results of Pearson′s analysis showed that the serum level of BU and CREA were positively correlated with NH3+ in HRS group .Conclusion The relationship between hepatorenal syndrome and plasma ammonia in patients with liver cir-rhosis is closely .Intestinal acidification can be used to reduce the risk of hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic encephalopathy .